Unveiling spatial disparities in basic medical and health services: insights from China's provincial analysis.

Based on the panel data of 31 provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) in China from 2012 to 2019, this paper constructs the evaluation index system of basic medical and health services in China from seven dimensions: medical and health facilities, health expenditure, medical services, traditional Chinese medicine hospital services, maternal and child health care, people's health and medical security, disease control and public health. The entropy method was used to measure the level of basic medical and health services in China, and its spatial differences and convergence characteristics were further investigated. In this study, we employ the entropy weight method, σ convergence, and ß convergence as our primary methodologies. The entropy weight method is used to evaluate the variability of each indicator, determine the weights of indicators, and quantify the information content of the data. σ convergence illustrates the process by which the variance of a sample decreases over time. ß convergence refers to the gradual approach of variables within an economic system towards their long-term equilibrium level over time. The results show that: (1) The scores of basic medical and health services in China's four major regions (including Northeast, East, Central and West) remain in a relatively stable state, with small fluctuations and great room for improvement; (2) There are significant regional differences in the level of basic medical and health services in China, and the intra-regional differences are much greater than the inter-regional differences; (3) There is no significant σ convergence observed in China and its four major regions; however, there is a notable presence of ß convergence.

How does agricultural insurance induce farmers to adopt a green lifestyle?

This study is dedicated to exploring and establishing a theoretical framework for the impact of agricultural insurance on farmers' green lifestyles. By thoroughly analyzing existing literature, this paper reveals the dual pathways through which agricultural insurance influences farmers' behavior: one affects production activities, and the other affects lifestyle choices. Drawing on the Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) theory, the study elaborates in detail the incentive mechanisms of agricultural insurance, farmers' cognition of green practices, and how these elements work together to guide a transformation in farmer behavior. This process systematically demonstrates the theoretical logic and pathways through which agricultural insurance promotes the transition to green lifestyles among farmers. Additionally, the study provides a preliminary description of the questionnaire design and its role in supplying foundational data for empirical analysis. The paper posits that agricultural insurance harbors an intrinsic mechanism to induce farmers toward greener lifestyles. We anticipate that this research will bring new perspectives to the field of agricultural insurance and contribute new dimensions to the theoretical framework of behavioral insurance.

Inhibition or Promotion?-The Effect of Agricultural Insurance on Agricultural Green Development.

Based on China's provincial panel data from 2007 to 2019, this article discusses the impact of agricultural insurance on agricultural green development, and discusses the issue of regional heterogeneity. This article first studies the impact mechanism of agricultural insurance on agricultural green development, calculates the agricultural green development index, and empirically analyzes the impact of agricultural insurance on agricultural green development. The empirical results show that agricultural insurance has an inhibitory effect on agricultural green development, and that the impact of agricultural insurance on agricultural green development in the three functional areas is heterogeneous. Finally, it puts forward countermeasures and suggestions to build a low-carbon subsidy mechanism for agricultural insurance, enrich agricultural insurance products, improve the coverage of agricultural insurance, and build an agricultural production mode of internal planting and breeding combined with recycling through policy incentives.

Measurement of Agricultural Green Development Level in the Three Provinces of Northeast China Under the Background of Rural Vitalization Strategy.

This paper offers an evaluation index system of agricultural green development level based on the Rural Vitalization Strategy. The evaluation index system includes four dimensions: agricultural development, ecological resource protection, environment-friendly, and industrial extension and integration. Then, the paper calculates the level of agricultural green development in the three provinces of Northeast China using the entropy-gray correlation method from 2009 to 2019. The calculation results show that between 2009 and 2019, the level of agricultural green development in the three northeastern provinces of China fluctuates and increases, and there is some variation between them: in terms of the overall level of agricultural green development Heilongjiang Province > Liaoning Province > Jilin Province, in terms of the average change speed of agricultural green development level, Heilongjiang Province > Liaoning Province > Jilin Province; in terms of each dimension, the average level of correlation degree of agricultural development dimension is Liaoning Province > Heilongjiang Province > Jilin Province, the average level of correlation degree of ecological resource protection dimension is Heilongjiang Province > Jilin Province > Liaoning Province, the average level of correlation degree of environment-friendly dimension is Heilongjiang Province > Jilin Province > Liaoning Province, and the average level of correlation degree of industrial extension and integration is Liaoning Province > Heilongjiang Province > Jilin Province. Finally, the basis of the calculation results, combined with the actual situation of agricultural development in the three provinces, the countermeasures, and suggestions for promoting the green development of agriculture are put forward. Specifically, it includes the establishment of an evaluation system for agricultural green development; strengthening the protection of agricultural ecological resources; increasing rural environmental governance; promoting the integrated development of rural tertiary industries; vigorously supporting agricultural scientific and technological innovation; and strengthening regional cooperation and other suggestions.